Access to Care

Access to Care

Finding doctors, telehealth services, urgent care options, and overcoming barriers to healthcare access across the United States.

Getting medical care in the United States shouldn't be this hard, but it is. Primary care shortage areas rose to 8,467 in 2025, affecting 92.3 million people. The average wait for a new-patient appointment is 31 days. About 26 million Americans have no insurance at all. Even people with coverage struggle to find doctors accepting new patients.

This section covers the options that exist right now: telehealth, urgent care, community health centers, and strategies for finding a primary care doctor. Data comes from HRSA, the CDC, and the Urgent Care Association.

Telehealth

76% of U.S. hospitals now offer telehealth. For conditions that don't need a physical exam, virtual visits are faster and cheaper than going in person. A telehealth urgent care visit runs $75 to $99 without insurance (or $0 with many plans), compared to $150 to $280 at in-person urgent care or $2,715 at the ER. We compare the major platforms (Teladoc, Amwell, MDLIVE, GoodRx Care, Doctor On Demand) and cover telehealth for mental health, which has the highest virtual utilization of any specialty at 28%.

Urgent Care vs. the ER

There are about 11,877 urgent care clinics in the U.S. and 78% of the population lives within a 10-minute drive of one. Knowing when to use urgent care instead of the ER saves money (10x cheaper on average) and often gets you seen faster. Between 37% and 82% of pediatric ER visits are nonurgent. Our guides cover which conditions need the ER and which don't, with specific lists for adults and children.

Finding a Doctor

HRSA projects a shortage of 70,610 primary care physicians by 2038. If you can't find a PCP, alternatives include community health centers (1,512 FQHCs operating 17,000+ locations, serving 32.4 million patients on sliding fee scales), direct primary care ($70 to $150/month for unlimited visits), telehealth primary care, and nurse practitioner clinics. We cover all of these plus how to get care without insurance.

Rural Access

About 46 million Americans live in rural areas where 194 hospitals have closed since 2005 and 768 more are at risk. Metro residents use telehealth at twice the rate of rural residents. We cover Rural Emergency Hospitals, FQHCs in rural areas, and federal programs designed to keep care accessible outside cities.

Articles

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Rural Healthcare Access: Options and Resources

46 million Americans live in rural areas. 194 hospitals have closed since 2005. Here are the options for getting care when the nearest clinic is miles away.

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How to See a Doctor Without Insurance

26 million Americans are uninsured. Community health centers, telehealth, and direct primary care can get you seen for $20 to $150. Here's how.

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WellNow Urgent Care: Locations, Services and Insurance

WellNow operates 201 locations across 7 states. Walk-in visits average $150 to $280 without insurance. Here's what they offer and where to find them.

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Online Doctor Visits: What to Expect and What They Cost

Online doctor visits cost $40 to $90 without insurance vs. $136 to $176 in person. Here's how they work, what they treat, and what to expect.

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How to Find a Primary Care Doctor Even If No One Is Accepting Patients

The average wait for a new primary care appointment is 31 days. HRSA projects a shortage of 70,610 PCPs by 2038. Here are 6 ways to find one.

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Pediatric Urgent Care: When Kids Need It and What to Expect

29% of urgent care patients are under 21. Up to 82% of pediatric ER visits are nonurgent. Here's when kids need urgent care and what it costs.

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Aetna Telehealth: What's Covered and How to Use It

Aetna offers $0 copay Teladoc primary care visits starting in 2026. Here's what telehealth services Aetna covers and how to access them.

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Telehealth Psychiatrist: How to Find One and What to Expect

Mental health has the highest telehealth usage of any specialty at 28%. Here's how to find an online psychiatrist, what it costs, and what to expect.

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GoodRx Telehealth Review: Is It Worth It?

GoodRx Care visits start at $19 with Gold or $49 without. It's one of the cheapest telehealth options. Here's what you get and what to watch for.

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Telehealth Urgent Care: How to See a Doctor Online Now

Telehealth urgent care visits cost $75 to $99 without insurance and complete in about 15 minutes. Here's how it works and who offers it.

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Urgent Care vs ER: When to Go Where

Urgent care costs $150 to $280. The ER averages $2,715. Here's which conditions need the ER and which can be handled at urgent care.

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Access to Healthcare in America: A Consumer Guide

8,467 primary care shortage areas affect 92 million Americans. Here's how to find a doctor, use telehealth, and get care when the system falls short.

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Best Telehealth Services Compared 2026

Teladoc, Amwell, MDLIVE, Doctor On Demand, and GoodRx Care compared by price, availability, and specialties. Here's which one fits your needs.

Research Archive

Original research from the Center for Studying Health System Change

San Diego: Health Care Providers Expand Capacity as Competition Increases for Well-Insured Patients

Originally published September 2012

Prescription Drug Access Disparities Among Working-Age Americans

Originally published December 2003

Insured Americans Drive Surge in Emergency Department Visits

Originally published October 2003

California's Safety Net: The Role of Counties in Overseeing Care

Originally published December 2009

Coordination Between Emergency and Primary Care Physicians

Originally published February 2011

Little Rock Health Care Safety Net Stretched by Economic Downturn

Originally published January 2011

Community Health Centers Tackle Rising Demands and Expectations

Originally published December 2007

Federal Aid Strengthens Health Care Safety Net: The Strong Get Stronger

Originally published April 2004

Alabama’s Pass on Medicaid Expansion Leaves Birmingham’s Uninsured with Weak Safety Net

Originally published October 2013

The Community Safety Net and Prescription Drug Access for Low-Income, Uninsured People

Originally published April 2006

Stretching the Safety Net to Serve Undocumented Immigrants: Community Responses to Health Needs

Originally published February 2006

Rising Pressure: Hospital Emergency Departments as Barometers of the Health Care System

Originally published September 2004

Growth Fuels Hospital Competition and Challenges Greenville Safety Net

Originally published November 2005

Rapid Population Growth Outpaces Phoenix Health System Capacity

Originally published September 2005

Matching Supply to Demand: Addressing the U.S. Primary Care Workforce Shortage

Originally published December 2011

Urban-Suburban Hospital Disparities Grow in Northern New Jersey

Originally published August 2005

Public Health Workforce Shortages Imperil Nation's Health

Originally published March 2008

Health Care Access For Low-Income People: Significant Safety Net Gaps Remain

Originally published June 2004

Fresno: Health Providers Expand Capacity, but Health Reform Preparation Lags

Originally published September 2012

Trends in Americans' Access to Needed Medical Care, 2001-2003

Originally published June 2008

The Health Care Safety Net: Money Matters but Savvy Leadership Counts

Originally published August 2003

Riverside/San Bernardino: Vast Region, Market Fragmentation Add to Access Woes

Originally published January 2013

Ready or Not: Are Health Care Safety Net Systems Prepared for Reform?

Originally published June 2013

Emergency Room Diversions: A Symptom of Hospitals Under Stress

Originally published May 2001

Cost and Access Challenges: A Comparison of Experiences Between Uninsured and Privately Insured Adults Aged 55 to 64 with Seniors on Medicare

Originally published May 2012

Syracuse Health Care Market Works to Right-Size Hospital Capacity

Originally published August 2011

Developing Health System Surge Capacity: Community Efforts in Jeopardy

Originally published June 2008

Physician Practices, E-Prescribing and Accessing Information to Improve Prescribing Decisions

Originally published May 2011

Access to Health Care:

Originally published December 1996

Access to Care:

Originally published March 1999

Access to Specialists:

Originally published March 2000

Capacity Expands in Unrestrained Market:

Originally published July 1997

Privately Insured People’s Use of Emergency Departments: Perception of Urgency is Reality for Patients

Originally published December 2013

Primary Care Physicians Concerned about Patients' Access to Mental Health Services

Originally published January 2005

Mounting Pressures: Physicians Serving Medicaid Patients and the Uninsured, 1997-2001

Originally published December 2002

The Insurance Gap and Minority Health Care, 1997-2001

Originally published June 2002

Financial and Health Burdens of Chronic Conditions Grow

Originally published April 2009

Few Tools Available to Control Specialty Drug Spending

Originally published April 2012

Economic Downturn Strains Miami Health Care System

Originally published September 2011

The Role of Nurses in Hospital Quality Improvement

Originally published March 2008

Dispelling Myths About Emergency Department Use: Majority of Medicaid Visits Are for Urgent or More Serious Symptoms

Originally published July 2012

Rising Rates of Chronic Health Conditions: What Can Be Done?

Originally published December 2008

Physicians Pulling Back from Charity Care

Originally published May 2002

A Long and Winding Road: Federally Qualified Health Centers and Prospects Under Reform

Originally published January 2012

How Well Do Communities Perform on Access to Care for the Uninsured

Originally published September 1999

So Much to Do, So Little Time: Physician Capacity Constraints, 1997-2001

Originally published September 2003

Exodus of Male Physicians from Primary Care Drives Shift to Specialty Practice

Originally published January 2008

Limited Information Technology for Patient Care in Physician Offices

Originally published June 2005

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act: Implications for Health System Capacity

Originally published December 2003

Nonurgent Use of Hospital Emergency Departments

Originally published June 2011